ABBA - The Day Before You Came (Lyrics) Grammar - Deduction in the past

كلمات لها معانى متناقضة Antagonism

 كلمات لها معانى متناقضة                

Antagonism

Ana basis: A military advance vs. A military retreat (3) {C}

Anon : Immediately [Archaic] or soon vs. Later (3) {M}

Anxious: Full of mental distress because of apprehension of danger or misfortune [in effect, seeking to avoid] (We were anxious about the nearby gunshots.) vs. Eager or looking forward to (Until you returned, I was anxious to see you.) (1)

Apparent: Not clear or certain (For now, he is the apparent winner of the contest.) vs. Obvious (The solution to the problem was apparent to all.) (1) {I}

Assume: To actually have (To assume office) vs. To hope to have ("He assumed he would be elected.") (3) {M}

Avocation: A hobby vs. a regular occupation [and one could say it's a triple antagonym if you agree that the archaic meaning of "a distraction" is the opposite of working (even at a hobby) and if you agree that the obsolete meaning of "a calling away" takes you away from (the opposite of participating in) your hobbies, work, and even your distractions!] (1)

Awful: Extremely unpleasant, ugly vs. Awe-inspiring [typically, a feeling of admiration] (1)

Bad: See above

Bound: Moving ("I was bound for Chicago") vs. Unable to move ("I was bound to a post", or less literally, "I was bound to my desk") (3) {S}

Buckle: to hold together (e.g. buckle your belt) vs. to fall apart (e.g., buckle under pressure) {AQ}

Bull: A solemn edict or mandate vs. Nonsense or worthless information (3) {M}

Chuff: Elated vs. Unhappy (hinted at in 1) {M}

Cite, Citation: For doing good (such as military gallantry) vs. for doing bad (such as from a traffic policeman) (1)

Cleave: To adhere tightly vs. To cut apart (1) {A}

Clip: to attach vs. to cut off (1) {AH}{AS}

Cool: positive sense (cool web-sites) vs. negative sense(cool reception). {AA}

Comprise: To contain entirely vs. To be included in ("The United States comprises 50 states"; "The 50 states comprise the United States") [Some will argue with both uses, including me; however, both uses have become commonplace and some sources list both without comment.] (1) {U}

Counterfeit: [Archaic] a legitimate copy vs. a copy meant to deceive{Y}

Cut: get in (as in line or queue) vs. get out (as in a school class) {T}

Dust: To remove dust vs. To apply dust (as in fingerprinting) {H}

Effectively: in effect (doing the equivalent of the action but not the real thing) vs. with effect (doing the action and doing it well) [Contrast "he is effectively lying" (colloquial?) with "he is lying effectively"] {AD}

Enjoin: To order someone to do something vs. To stop someone from doing something [such as in law by an injunction] (1) {D}

Fast: Moving rapidly vs. Unable to move ("I was held fast to my bed.") (3) {S}

Fix: to restore to function (fixing the refrigerator) vs. to make non-functional (fixing the dog) {AZ}

Fearful: Causing fear vs. Being afraid (1) {A}

Goods: [Slang] good things vs. bad things ("I have the goods from the warehouse robbery, but I'm worried the police have the goods on me.") {T}

Hysterical: Being overwhelmed with fear [in some cases] vs. Being funny (1)

Incorporate: When a village is incorporated, it is formed, but when it is incorporated into a city, the village is destroyed {O}

Inflammable [a pseudo-antagonym!]: Burns easily vs. [the incorrect assumption by many that the prefix in- makes it mean:] Does not burn [Only the first definition is correct; the risk of confusion has removed this word from gasoline trucks!] (4) {J}

Last: Just prior vs. final (My last book will be my last publication) {Y}

Lease, Let, Rent: [in essence] To loan out for money vs. To "borrow" for money (1) {K}

Left: To remain vs. to have gone (Of all who came, only Fred's left. [Does it mean he's the only one who still remains or that he's the first to depart?]) {AB}

Let: [Archaic] To hinder vs. To allow (1) {K}

License: Liberty or permission to do something vs. Undue or excessive freedom or liberty (1) {K}

Literally: Precisely vs. often corruptly used to mean "figuratively" (As in: "There were literally millions of people at that party."). Our correspondent writes: Many people think this is an error, albeit a common one; but I think "Literally millions of people" isn't so much error as a form of hyperbole; the trouble is that the literal meaning of "literally" is, among other things, "not hyperbolically." {AF}

Livid: Pale, ashen vs. dark gray-blue (and sometimes corrupted to mean bright red!) (1) {AW}

Mad: carried away by enthusiasm or desire vs. carried away by hatred or anger (3) {AK}

Moot: [a slight stretch here] A moot point is one that is debatable, yet is also of no significance or has been previously decided, so why debate it? (1) {K}

Overlook: to pay attention to, to inspect ("We had time to overlook the contract.") vs. to ignore (1) {AN}

Oversight: Watchful and responsible care vs. An omission or error due to carelessness (1) {E}

Peruse: Read in a casual way, skim (To peruse the Sunday paper) vs. to read with great attention to detail or to study carefully (To peruse a report on financial conditions). {AR}

Policy: Required activity without exception (University policy) vs. An optional course of action (our government's policy regarding the economy) {K}

Populate: To decimate the population (obsolete use) vs. to increase the population {AP}

Practiced: Experienced, expert (I am practiced in my work) vs. Inexperienced effort (The child practiced coloring.) (1)

Prescribe: To lay down a rule vs. To become unenforceable (3) {D}

Presently: Now vs. after some time {BB}

Quite: Completely vs. Not completely (e.g., quite empty [totally empty]; quite full [not completely full, just nearly so]) (3) {M}

Ravel: to disentangle or unravel vs. to tangle or entangle (1) {X}

Recover: hide away (cover again) vs. bring out [hyphenated] (The dinosaur bones were exposed by the flood but then re-covered with dirt, hiding them again; centuries later, the paleontologists recovered them by removing the dirt.) {T}

Refrain: In song, meaning to repeat a certain part vs. To stop (Please refrain from using bad language) {AO}

Release: let go vs. hold on (lease the property again) [hyphenated as re-lease] {T}

Replace: Take away (replace the worn carpet) vs. Put back (replace the papers in the file) {T}

Repress: hold back vs. put forth (press again) [hyphenated] {T}

Reprove: rebuke (reprove a colleague's work) vs. support (re-prove a scientist's theory) {T}

Reservation: what you make when you know where you want to go vs. what you have when you're not sure if you want to go

Reside: to stay put vs. [Slang] to change places (change teams) [hyphenated as re-side] [N.B.: This is also a heteronym!] {T}

Resign: to quit a contract vs. to sign the contract again [hyphenated as re-sign] {T} [N.B.: This is also a heteronym!]

Restive: refusing to move (forward) (a restive horse) vs. Restless (moving around) (1) {M}

Restore [in the following use]: The painting was said to be a fake, so the museum re-stored it in the warehouse. When it was later found to be real, the museum restored it to its place in the gallery. {T}

Riot: Violent disorder vs. Revelry {Consider what is meant when one says, "It was a riot!") (1)

Rival: An opponent vs. (Archaic) A companion or associate (3) {O}

Rocky: Firm, steadfast vs. tending to sway (e.g., a rocky shelf) {S}

Root: To establish (The seed took root.) vs. To remove entirely (usually used with "out", e.g., to root out dissenters) {AG}

Sanction: Support for an action (They sanctioned our efforts.) vs. A penalty for an action (The Congressman was sanctioned for inappropriate behavior.) (1) {D} {O}

Sanguine: (Now poetic) Causing or delighting in bloodshed [according to contributor, also describes a person worked up into a bloody rage] vs. A person hopeful or confident of success [essentially someone calm about something] (2) {B}

Scan: to examine closely vs. to look over hastily (1) {S} {AI}

Screwed: [Slang, vulgar] Had a good experience (We screwed around all night.) vs. To have a bad experience (I was screwed by that cheater.) {T}

Secreted: Having put out, released vs. Placed out of sight (1) [N.B.: This word is also a heteronym!]

Shank: (Informal) The early part of a period of time (It was just the shank of the evening when the party began.) vs. (Informal) The latter part of a period of time (It was the shank of the evening when the party ended.) (1)

Shop: To search with the intent to buy ("I shopped for a book at several stores.") vs. To search with the intent to sell ("I shopped my manuscript to several publishers.") {R}

Sick: unpleasant (A sick joke) vs. wonderful (Slang: That sportscar is really sick!) {AE}

Skin: to cover with a skin vs. to remove outer covering or skin (1) {I} {P}

Strike out: An ending, as in "The batter struck out." vs. A beginning, as in "I thought it was time to strike out on my own." (1) {L} Also, a strike in bowling occurs when there is complete contact between ball and wood (of the pins), whereas a strike in baseball occurs when there is complete absence of contact between ball and wood (of the bat). {W} Also, to strike causes stoppage of work whereas in the theater to strike is to work on the set, lighting, etc. {AX}

Terrific: (Informal) Extra ordinarily good vs. Causing terror (1)

Transparent: Easily seen ("His motives were transparent.") invisible {AL}

Trim: To add things to (trim a Christmas tree) vs. or take pieces off (trim hair) {AT}{AU}

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Antagonistic phrases, usually informal

These are phrases that (probably through corruption) have come to mean the opposite of what they should mean if taken literally.

All downhill from here: Things are going to get better vs. things are going to get worse {AU}{AV}

Could care less: (Used as if it were synonymous with "could not care less.") One has no interest at all {G}

Fought with: Fought on the same or opposite sides (The Finns fought with the Germans in WW II.) {AW}

Like never before: totally amateurish vs. with great skill (She's dancing like she's never danced before.) {F}

Look out for: see Watch out for

Take care of: Look out for and nurture vs. get rid of or kill (As heard on NPR by commentator Diane Roberts discussing the meaning of saying "we're going to take care of Timothy McVeigh [convicted bomber]) {contributed by A}

Near miss: A hit close enough to achieve the effect vs. narrowly falling short of the objective {X}

Restrict access to: ("To restrict access to adult movies, please contact the front desk.") To allow access only to vs.

to disallow access to {AM}

Steep learning curve: To most, this means "difficult to learn" or "taking a long time to learn," but can also mean "easy to learn, taking a short time." (I think some workers mean the former when they refer to a process that has a steep learning curve, and to the latter when referring to a person who masters the process with a steep learning curve. This antagonym may be controversial.) {AP}

Tell me about it: I want to know more vs. I already know. {AY}

Watch out for: A positive statement meaning try to find or partake of vs. A negative statement meaning avoid (Watch out for this movie.)

Here's an interesting phrasing: Football coach Lloyd Carr of the #1-ranked University of Michigan Wolverines, after finishing undefeated (11-0) with a victory over Ohio State, explaining his preseason view of the team's schedule: "There wasn't one game that we knew we couldn't win, but we also realized there wasn't one we couldn't lose." [The Ann Arbor News, November 23, 1997, p. D1.] [In the Detroit Free Press the next day (p. D4), the last phrase is quoted as "…there wasn't one we could lose."] Coach, don't think we don't know what you mean (!), and your multiple double-negatives rate a place on our webpage!

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Opposonyms? Pseudopposites? Pairs of phrases, usually informal, -- how can they mean the same?

Burned up, Burned down: (Both mean destroyed.) {BA}

Fat chance; slim chance: (Both mean "not too likely") {N}

Cool; hot: (Both mean wonderful [Slang], e.g., when applied to a car)

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Confusing words (should we call them "confusonyms"?)

Biweekly (Bimonthly, Biyearly): twice a week (month, year) vs. every two weeks (month, years) (According to reference 1, the former is used "loosely") {Y} {AJ}

Daily: 5 days a week vs. 6 days a week vs. 7 days a week (for example, the "daily" newspaper) {Q}

Every day: As in "daily" above, one often hears on the radio "Listen to our morning show every day" to mean Monday through Friday

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To have or to have not

These terms are confusing and have opposite meanings depending on usage.

Seeded: Clouds are seeded (something is added) to produce rain vs. grapes which are seeded (the seeds are removed). {AA}. Also, if one removes the seeds from cherries they are pitted but if one sows grass seed in the yard, the yard is seeded. {AC}

Shelled: Having the shell removed (shelled pecans) vs. Enclosed in a shell (tiny, shelled marine animals) (1) {V}

Skinned: See skin, above.

Pitted? Pitted olives are olives with the pits taken out, but pitted skin is skin with pits in it! {BC}

copied from E.C site 

Reported Verbs

Reporting verbs

Verb + to + infinitive       

                                              ( agree/claim/decide /refuse /offer/promise )

 -"Yes, I'll help you," he said.                        He agreed to help us.  

 -'I'm good at helping people,' he said       He claimed to be good at helping people.

 - I think I'll help you,"                                 He said. He decided to help us.

 -'I won't help you, he said.                         He refused to help us

 -'Shall I help you?" he said                         He offered to help us

 - Don't worry, I'll help you," he said.          He promised to help us

verb  +  object  + to + infinitive

                 ( advice/encourage / order/ persuade/ remind / warn

 -If I were you, I'd study hard," he said.                              He advised me to study hard

-Go on, study hard and you'll get good marks, he said.    He encouraged me to study hard

-"Study !" he said .                                                              He ordered me to study 

-"You should watch this new TV show", he said      He persuaded me to watch that new TV show

-"Don't forget to study hard," he said.                    He reminded me to study hard

-"Study! Don't waste your time,' he said.                He warned me not to waste my time

verb  +  -ing form  

                 ( admit/deny/recommend/suggest  

 I took your dictionary                                      He admitted taking my dictionary

 I didn't take your dictionary, he said.              He denied taking my dictionary

 You should buy this dictionary he said           He recommended buying that dictionary

Let's get a dictionary, he said                          He suggested getting a dictionary

 

verb + preposition  + -ing form

                        ( apologise for /  complain of / insist on 

' I'm sorry I lost your pen, he said                                   He apologised for losing my pen

My back hurts, he said complain of insist on                  He complained of having a bad back

'Don't be silly I will buy a new pan for you, he said         He insisted on buying a new pen for me

 

verb + object  + preposition  + -ing form 

                                          (accuse someone of /  congratulate someone on

You cheated in the test," he said.                           He accused me of cheating in the test

"You passed the test! Well done! he said               He congratulated me on passing the test.

 

verb+ that clause        

                       (announce  / complain / demand

-"I'm going to send my college applications, he said

            He announced that he was going to send his college applications

-I don't have time to send my college applications, he said

            He complained that he didn't have time to send his college applications

-Tell me what happened to my college applications he said

           He demanded that I tell him what had happened to his college applications

 

verb + indirect question        

 (enquire /wonder / question )

Can I leave early? he asked.                              He enquired whether he could leave early.

What will my new class be like? he asked         He wondered what his new class would be like.

 Why do we need to write our answers by hand? he asked     He questioned why they needed to write their answers  by hand.

Choose the correct answer from a,b,c or d:

1.          I ……….… my sister not to sit on that broken chair.

a) complained           b) warned                              c) admitted                             d) mentioned

2.          Gabriel  ……….… Susan  to see a specialize .

a) insisted                  b) explained                           c) said                                     d) advised

3.          The instructor ……….… us to work in pairs.

a) encouraged         b) blamed                               c) admitted                             d) explained

4.          My tutor................... to me that the private  would start later on Saturday  .

a) told                         b) explained                         c) asked                                 d) informed

5.          Now you ...................... that you are  not proud of what you  had done.

a) told                         b) advised                              c) wondered                          d) admitted

6.      I .................. my parents to let me go on holiday with my friends.

a) suggested             b) begged                             c) declared                             d) mentioned

7.      Albert .................... for forgetting his  friend's birthday party.

a) ordered                  b) admitted                             c) apologised                       d) insisted

8.          He  promised that he ..................... us the next morning.

a) will phone             b) would phone                   c) phoned                              d) had phoned

9.          He says that Paris .....................  the capital of France .

a) is                            b) be                                       c) had been                           d) is being

10.      He  told me  that he was sure he had seen me  there .....................

a) last week               b) next week                          c) the week after       d) the week before

11.      I ……….… about the price of the new sunglasses .

a) told                         b) said                                    c) denied                                d) inquired

12.      The manager  .................. that we could leave a bit earlier ..

a) admitted                 b) convinced                          c) persuaded                         d) agreed

13.      He ................... the children not to touch these wires  over  there.

a) denied                    b) suggested                         c) wondered                          d) warned

14.      She ...................her friend  Lilly  that she needed to go to the dentist.

a) reminded              b) remembered                     c) said                                     d) admitted

15.   Soha said that she had gone to bed early....................

a) now                        b) today                                  c) that night                          d) tonight

16.   John.................. to go to France on holiday.

a) said                        b) decided                            c) admitted                             d) told

17 . He said just now that no one……………  to leave.

a)  be allowed                        b) were allowed          c) is being allowed            d) is allowed

18.   He  apologized for ................ rude to my little brother

a) being                     b) be                                      c) not being                           d) was

19  He  says that  he ………. to Canada

a) would travel           b) travels                               c) will travel                           d) could travel

20     They said they...............me there in the café  the following  Friday.

 a) were meeting     b) are going to meet             c- will meet                             d- met

21        He admitted that he had arrived late the night.............

 a) next                       b) then                                    c- after                                    d-before