form of Passive

Form of Passive

         Subject  +  finite form of to be  + Past Participle

Example: A letter was written.

When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:

Firstly you should identify the main component of the active sentence

 ( the subject   , the verb    and     the object )

       We                   saw              the accident     

* the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence                                                                       يتحول المفعول الى فاعل نبدا به الجملة

* the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)

نضع    مصرفا فى زمن الفعل الاصلى بما يلائم المبتدأ الجديد ثم نضع التصريف الثالث للفعل الاصلى أا   

* the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)

اذا دعت الضرورة لذكر الفاعل يوضع فى نهاية الجملة على هيئة مفعول

Examples of Passive

Tense		Subject	Verb	Object
Simple Present	Active:	Shayma	writes	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	is written	by Shayma
Simple Past	Active:	Shayma	wrote	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	was written	by Shayma
Present Perfect	Active:	Shayma	has written	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	has been written	by Shayma
Future I	Active:	Shayma	will write	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	will be written	by Shayma
With modal verbs	Active:	Shayma	can write	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	can be written	by Shayma

Present Progressive	Active:	Shayam	is writing	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	is being written	by Shayma
Past Progressive	Active:	Shayma	was writing	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	was being written	by Shayma
Past Perfect	Active:	Shayma	had written	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	had been written	by Shayma
Future II	Active:	Shayma	will have written	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	will have been written	by Shayma
Conditional I	Active:	Shayma	would write	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	would be written	by Shayma
Conditional II	Active:	Shayma	would have written	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	would have been written	by Shayma

The Mask of Gold Chapter 2

Chapter Two 

The Man on the Plane

Vocabulary

connecting flight	رحلة طيران غير متصلة	definite	محدد
valley	وادي	Be based in	مقيم فى
boarded	على متن (طائرة)	treatment	معاملة
paintings	رسومات	In –flight - magazine	مجلة الطائرة
ِcurious	قلق فضولى	UNESCO	منظمة الأمم المتحدة للثقافة والعلوم والآداب
ًٌflight attendant	المضيف	sight	مشهد - منظر
skyscrapers	ناطحات السحاب	sleeves	أكمام
briefcase	الحقيبة / شنطة اوراق	Keen on	شغوف ب
mid-thirties	منتصف الثلاثينات	Let ….through	يدع000 يمر
pocket	جيب	Terminal building	مبنى الركاب
ٍsun-tanned face	وجه لوحته الشمس	customs	الجمارك
movie	فيلم	Italian institute of Archaeology	المعهد الايطالي للآثار
sleeves	أكمام	degree	درجة علميه
yawn	يتثاءب	breath in a sign of relief	يتنفس الصعداء
outdoors	خارج المنزل	similarities	أوجه التشابه
thick	سميك	wave	موجة
mining engineer	مهندس (تعدين )	take up
ٓnod	أومأ برأسه موافقا	assistant	مساعد
copper	النحاس	treatment	معالجة
grip	يحكم قبضته على شيء	pretend	يتظاهر
ٌsilver	الفضة	fair hair	شعر أشقر
perfect landing	هبوط جيد	bump	مطب هوائي
ُmine	منجم	accent	لكنه
immigration	هجرة	project	مشروع
dig	يحفر

Questions & Answers

1. Where was Leila going?

- She was going to Lima ,the capital city of Peru , to help Dr Hafez in his excavation.

2. Why did she go to New York?

- As there was no direct flight from Cairo to Lima, she had to change planes in New York.

3. Why did she have to stay at a hotel at the airport?

- Because the flight to Lima would be the following day.

4. Why did Leila insist on having a seat next to the window?

- Because she wanted to have a look of the skyscrapers and the tall buildings in New York.

5. Who was the man sitting next to Leila?

He was Martin Lander.

He was in his mid-thirties. He had fair hair. He had sun-tanned face. He said that he was a mining engineer. He said also that he always looked for places of interesting things.

6. Leila deduced that Martin Lander was not a businessman. Comment.

- She thought he was not a businessperson as he had a sun-tanned face. Accordingly, she thought that he worked in the open air out doors for a long time.

7. Why did Leila go to Peru?

- She went there to help Dr. Hafez in his excavation, as it was a part of UNESCO exchange program.

8. Leila deduced that Martin Lander was not American. Discuss.

- He has a strange accent so he must not have been American; she thought that he was German.

9. What was Martin's nationality?

- He held two nationalities. He was American by passport and South African by birthplace.

10. Why did Leila decide to be an archaeologist?

- She wanted to follow the footsteps of Dr. Hafez, as she admired him. He was her old family friend who always told them about his excavation and showed pictures of his discoveries.

11. Where did she learn archaeology?

- She learnt in the Italian Institute of Archaeology in Rome.

12. Why did Leila learn in Italy?

- Because she thought that people might say that Dr. Hafez gave her a special treatment.

13. What did they find in Luxor?

- They discovered the tomb of Sennofer in the Valley of Nobles. They found a tomb where there were old writings, paintings of birds and animals and jewels.

14. Why did Leila suspect Martin Lander?

- At first, she realized that he was asking her a lot. So she decided not tell him any more and to sleep. When she opened her eyes, she found that Martin was looking for some thing in her seat pocket.

15. How did Lander justify his critical situation?

- He informed her that he was looking for the in-flight magazine.

16. Why was Leila late in the Customs?

- Because the officers there wanted to look at every thing Leila had; specially the Laser-dating machine.

17. Who was waiting for Leila at Lima?

- Dr. Hafez was waiting for her.

18. Where did Dr Hafez think he had met Martin Lander before?

- Dr. Hafez thought he had seen him in Machu Picchu area in Peru.

19. Why didn’t Martin want to continue the conversation with Dr Hafez?

- Martin didn’t want to continue in order not to be discovered.

- He tried to mislead Dr Hafez saying that he was a mining engineer not an archaeologist. Then he directly left.