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Friday, 12 October 2018
Sunday, 7 October 2018
Comment on Gulliver's Travels
A Critical comment on Gulliver’s Travels منقول
Swift's greatest satire, Gulliver's Travels, is considered one of
the most important works in the history of world literature. Published
as Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, in Four
Parts; by Lemuel Gulliver in 1726,
Gulliver's Travels depicts one man's journeys to several strange and unusual lands. The general theme of
Gulliver's Travels is as a trial examination of human nature, man's potential for depravityقدرة او امكانيات الانسان على الفساذ ,
and the dangers of the misuse of reasonوخطورة استخدام
المبررات والاعذار . Each of the four books has a different theme, but all are
attempts to deflate human prideالغرور البشرى .
Book I, written between 1721 and 1725, may reflect the concerns of Swift's own
day, and of his own life it may be a politico-sociological treatise in the form of a
satire; a protest against Imperialism and Colonialism;الاستعمار
an attack on the corruptفساد Whig oligarchyحكم الاقلية which had displaced the Swift's Tories حزب المحافظين الذى كان سويفت ينتمى اليه in London a defense of Tory policies, an attack on the Prime Minister,
Robert Walpole, and on the expensive and bloody trade wars which had accompanied
the twelve years of Whig government but it is also, on a deeper level, a satire on the universal human
tendency to abuse political power and authorityاساءة استعمال القوه السياسية, to manipulateothers and deceive
ourselves. It is at once a
folk-myth, a children's story, and a misanthrope's gift
to mankind: in Lilliput, which is, quite literally, a microcosm, the
vices and follies not merely of England but of all
mankind are epitomizedيلخص . Swift points out
that when men are six inches tall, their squabbles تبدو seem pettyتافهه وبسيطة, and their pomp and ceremony ridiculous:
he leaves it to us to take his point. When the
ship Gulliver is traveling on is destroyed in a storm, Gulliver ends up on the
island of Lilliput, where he awakes to
find that he has been captured by Lilliputians, very small people approximately six inches in height. Gulliver is treated with
compassion and concern. In turn, he helps them solve some of their problems,
especially their conflict with their enemy, Blefuscu, an island across the bay
from them. Gulliver falls from favor, however, because he refuses to support
the Emperor's desire to enslave the Blefuscudians and because he "makes water" to put out
a palace fire. Gulliver flees to Blefuscu, where he converts
a large war ship to his own use and sets sail from Blefuscu eventually to be
rescued at sea by an English merchant ship and returned to his home in England.
The Lilliputians are men six inches in height but possessing all the pretension
and self-importance of full-sized menلديهم كل الرغبة
فى حب التظاهر وحب الذات تماما مثل الاناس العاديين . They are
mean and nastyسيىء الطباع , viciousفارغين , morally corrupt, hypocriticalمتعالين and deceitfulمخادعين
, jealousغيورين and enviousحسودين ,
filled with greed طمع and ingratitudeالجحود they are, in fact, completely human. Swift uses the Lilliputians
to satirize specific events and people in his life. For example, Swift's model
for Flimnap was Robert
Walpole, the leader of the Whigs and England's first prime minister in
the modern sense. Walpole was an extremely wily politicianسياسى ماكر , as Swift shows,
by making Flimnap the most dexterous ماهر of the rope dancers. Reldresal, the second most
dexterous of the rope dancers, probably represents either Viscount Townshend or
Lord Carteret. Both were political allies of Walpole. The articles that
Gulliver signs to obtain his freedom relate the political life of Lilliput to
the political life of England. The articles themselves parallel particular
English codes and laws. Similarly, the absurd and complicated method by which
Gulliver must swear to the articles (he must hold his
right foot in his left hand and place the middle finger of his right hand on top
of his head with the right thumb on the tip of his ear) exemplifies an aspect of
Whig politics: petty, red-tape harassing الروتين الحكومى
البغيض . Swift also uses the Lilliputians to show that English
politicians were bloody-minded and treacherous. In detail, he records the
bloody and cruel methods that the Lilliputians plan to use
to kill Gulliver; then he comments ironically on the mercy, decencyاللياقة , generosityالكرم ,
and justice of kings. The Lilliputian emperor, out
of mercy, plans to blind and starve Gulliver a direct reference to George's treatment of captured Jacobites,
whom he executed after parliament had called him most merciful and lenient.
Wednesday, 3 October 2018
The Iron Woman 's Ted Hughes (( review )) تحليل نقدى للقصة المعنى والرمز
The novel is full of symbolismالرمزية . The snowdrops (representing white, cleanliness, purity) and foxgloves (signifying death, poison and destruction) which the Iron
Woman drops during her introduction, are just a small example of the many ways
in which Ted Hughes strives to make his point, making the Iron Woman cry
"clean me." The Iron Woman is the embodiment of another figure in
contrast to the Iron Man, such as the new character of 'Lucy' to contrast with the original
character of 'Hogarth'.
The Iron Woman is the 1993 sequel to the popular Ted Hughes novel The Iron Man. "The Iron Woman has come
to take revenge on mankind for its thoughtless polluting of the seas, lakes and
rivers" says the introduction to the novel. It references sexism, in that
the iron woman exacts her revenge on a seemingly ignorant/uncaring male community
(in the waste disposal plant) for polluting the area in which she lives;
however, the book is more of an attack on society for the oblivious ways in
which for many decades, a vast amount of habitats have been destroyed or on the
brink of annihilation. Ted Hughes' novel is an attempt at getting people to be
made aware of and respond to this.
The main character, 'Lucy,' finds
the Iron Woman in a state of despair and covered in chemicals. After being
cleaned (by Lucy), the Iron Woman takes her to see the environment in which she
lives. Lucy sympathises with the Iron Woman, watching the animals' painful
deaths as more toxic material is poured into the marsh from the local
waste-disposal factory. She is angry and wants to save them, but ironically,
her dad is one of the factory workers. Lucy contacts Hogarth, the friend of the
Iron Man, asking for his help. The Iron Woman is so enraged that she turns all
the men in the factory into the swamp creatures, so that they can feel what the
animals of the marsh were enduring. They all burp black bubbles of cloud, which
the next day, forms the Cloud Spider. "I am the Spider-god of wealth.
Wealth. Wealth. The Spider-god of more and more and more and more money. I
catch it in my web." The Cloud Spider is taken away by the Space-Bat-Angel-Dragon
from the first novel, The Iron Man.
When the Iron Woman turns the men
back to their human forms, all their hair is white, as though it has been
bleached or they have aged.
Edward James Hughes, OM, OBE, FRSL (17 August 1930 – 28
October 1998) was an English poet and children's writer. Critics frequently
rank him as one of the best poets of his generation,[1] and one of the twentieth
century's greatest writers.[2] He served as Poet Laureate from 1984 until his death. In 2008 The Times ranked Hughes fourth on their list of "The 50
greatest British writers since 1945".[3]
Hughes was married to American
poet Sylvia Plath from 1956 until her suicide in 1963 at the age of 30.[4] Some feminists and some American admirers
of Plath blamed him for her death. His last poetic work, Birthday Letters (1998), explored their complex relationship. These poems
make reference to Plath's suicide, but none addresses directly the
circumstances of her death. A poem discovered in October 2010, Last
letter, describes what happened during the three days before her death.[5]
Sunday, 16 September 2018
Yehia Haqqi is one of the pioneers of the Twentieth Century modern literary movement in Egypt . He has experimented with the various literary norms: the short story, the novel, literary criticism, essays, meditations, and literary translation.
Haqqi was born in Cairo on January 7,1905 . He graduated from the Faculty of Law and practiced as a lawyer in Alexandria.
Non-fiction
Literary works
Autobiography
His book "Khaleeha Ala Allah" (Depend on God) is the most truthful autobiography and the most expressive of the development in the different stages of the author's life.
His book "Khaleeha Ala Allah" (Depend on God) is the most truthful autobiography and the most expressive of the development in the different stages of the author's life.
Yehia Hakki, Yehia Haqqi يحيى حقى السيرة الذاتية بتصرف من ويكيبيديا
Yahya Haqqi (Arabic: يحيى حقي ) (7 January 1905-9 December 1992) (or Yehia Hakki, Yehia
Haqqi) was an Egyptian writer and novelist. Born to a
middle-class family in Cairo, he was trained as a lawyer at the Cairo School of Law, graduating in 1925. Like many other Egyptian
writers, such as Naguib Mahfouz and Yusuf Idris, he spent most of his life as a civil servant, supplementing his literary income; he
eventually rose to become adviser to the National Library of Egypt.
In his literary career, he published four collections of short
stories, one novel (Umm Hashem's Lamp), and many articles and other
short stories besides. He was editor of the literary magazine Al-Majalla from 1961 to 1971, when that publication
was banned in Egypt. He has experimented with the various literary norms:
the short story, the novel, literary criticism, essays, meditations, andliterary translation.[1]
Early life and family
Haqqi was born on January 7, 1905 in the Cairo neighborhood
of Zainab to
a middle-class Turkish Muslim family. His ancestors had emigrated
from Turkey to Greece, and one of the sons
of that family, Ibrahim Haqqi (d. 1890), Yahya's grandfather, moved to Egypt in
the early nineteenth century. Ibrahim Haqqi worked in Damietta for a period of time, and had three sons: Muhammad Ibrahim
(Yahya's father), Mahmoud Taher, and Kamal. Muhammad Ibrahim's wife, Yahya's
mother, was also of Turkish origin. Both of his parents enjoyed literature.
Yahya Haqqi was the third son of six, and had two sisters. His oldest brother
was Ibrahim, followed by Ishmael. His younger siblings, in birth order, were
Zachariah, Musa, Fatima, Hamza, and Miriam. Hamza and Miriam both died when
they were only months old.
He graduated from the Faculty of Law and practiced as a lawyer
in Alexandria. In 1929 he joined the diplomatic corps and
served in Jeddah, Rome, Paris, and Ankara. In 1952 he was
appointed ambassador to Libya. In 1953 he was
appointed Director of the Arts Department and then a Literary Advisor to
the Egyptian Generd Book Organization in 1958. In 1959, he resigned his post
and became editor of one of a Cairo-based magazine. In
1970, he was appointed Member of the Supreme Council for Radio and Television.
Literary career[
In his literary career, he published four collections of short
stories, one novel, ("Good Morning", translated from Arabic by Miriam
Cooke), a novella (Umm Hashem's Lamp, twice translated from Arabic, by
M.M.Badawi and Denys Johnson-Davies), and many articles some of which involved
literary criticism of writers works, and other short stories besides. Sabri
Hafez regards Haqqi as a pioneer in the writing of short stories, and
experimenter in both form and style.[2] Most literary critics commend Haqqi's style of writing and
his language precision. He was editor of the literary magazine Al-Majalla from 1961 to 1971; this was a dangerous
position, as the publication had been banned in Egypt by order of the
government of Gamal Abdel Nasser.
During that period and even before Haqqi championed budding Egyptian authors
whose works he admired and believed in. In the 1960s also Haqqi took the very
courageous step of retiring from writing short stories and novels, but he
continued to write articles that critics described as artistic sketches.
Work
His work at the Book Organization offered him an opportunity to
read a lot. He is considered the father of short story and novel in Egypt. His
first short story appeared in 1925, and he established himself as one of the
greatest pioneers of contemporary short story writing in the Arab world. His short stories convey attempts to express a certain
philosophy on life, a certain stand or viewpoint and advocate human will which
he considered the fountain-spring of all virtues. He believes that language is
not merely a tool of expression or of conveying ideas but rather an integral
part of the writing process in all literary norms. His study of law has had its
impact on his writings which are characterized by objectivity. Haqqi also
translated world famous literary works such as "The Chess Player"
aka The Royal Game by Stefan Zweig, Baltagul (The Hatchet) by Mihail Sadoveanu, and "The Prodigal
Father" by Edith Saunders, he also participated in translating the
famous Russian Doctor
Zhivago by Boris Pasternak.
Awards
·
Haqqi was awarded the Recognition Award in 1967.
·
In 1968, he won first prize for his novel "The
Postman" in which he portrays means of inculcating Egyptian values and
principles.
Friday, 13 April 2018
Wednesday, 28 March 2018
Thursday, 22 February 2018
- Why do you think that they made a film of Moby Dick on Madeira in 1956?
1- Why do you think that they made a film of Moby Dick on Madeira in
1956?
Whaling nations Japan, Norway and Iceland have been pushing for years for reforms to approve the hunts. Many nations and conservationists say harpooning the giant mammals is cruel and unnecessary and want a 1986 moratorium extended.
HISTORY
Large-scale whaling began around the 11th century with hunts by the Basques and gained momentum in the 19th century with the invention of faster steam-powered ships and deadlier harpoons.
The marine animals provided meat, oil for lamps, candles, soaps and perfumes and baleen for whips or corsets. Herman Melville's novel "Moby Dick", about Captain Ahab's obsession with a white whale, brought the hunts to a wider audience.
Over-exploitation brought species such as the giant blue whale -- bigger than any dinosaur and with a tongue weighing as much as an elephant -- to the brink of extinction. The IWC imposed a moratorium on all commercial whaling from 1986.
It allows an exception for catches by indigenous peoples in places like Greenland, Siberia and Alaska.
Whaling nations Japan, Norway and Iceland argue that stocks of species like the small minke are big enough to allow hunts and say the IWC, set up in 1946, has betrayed its roots by emphasising conservation at the expense of a twin goal of enabling "the orderly development of the whaling industry".
MAIN WHALING NATIONS
JAPAN - Harpooned 679 whales in the last Antarctic summer season, almost all minke whales, below a target of 850 after disruptions from anti-whaling activists. It caught just one fin whale compared to a quota of 50. Separately, Japan sanctions harpooning more than 250 whales in the northwest Pacific. It says that the whales are caught for scientific research.
NORWAY - Has set a quota of 885 minke whales for each year from 2009-13. Whalers often fail to catch their full quotas -- catches were 538 in 2008 and 597 in 2007 -- often blaming rough seas or factors such as high fuel prices. Opponents say demand for whale meat has fallen in recent years.
ICELAND - Last week caught the first fin whale of a 2009 quota of 150. Reykjavik has sanctioned hunts of 100 minke whales this season. Iceland ended a 20-year ban on commercial whaling in 2006.
ARE WHALES ENDANGERED?
Nearly a quarter of all 44 species of cetaceans -- including whales and dolphins -- are endangered, according to a "Red List" run by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
A 2008 report showed that some large whale species such as the humpback, minke and southern right whales were recovering, helped by curbs on hunts. The minke whale is rated in the category of "least concern" -- meaning it is not a threatened species -- but the fin whale is "endangered".
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Norway, Iceland, Faroes, Japan and Peru in theory permit trade in whale products despite a ban under the U.N. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. Iceland and Norway sold a consignment of meat to Japan in 2008.
-- For Reuters latest environment blogs click on: blogs.reuters.com/environment/
(Editing by Michael Roddy)
Monday, 5 February 2018
2nd year test on Vocabulary UNIT 10
Unit 10
Choose the correct answer:
1- When fruit or other food ( dots
– shots – knots – rots ) it is bad to eat .
2- Scientists can ( qualify
- modify – clarify – identify ) crops by adding or removing genes.
3- People who do not have enough food to eat may die
of ………………….
( starvation
– sanitation – determination – nutrition )
4- If you want to grow vegetables, you have to put
………………….. in the ground.
( deeds
– needs - seeds – reeds )
5- Farmers earn their money from ( agriculture
– culture – feature – literature )
6- Look at the planes. They are ……………. the fields
from the air.
( praying
– playing – spraying – staying )
7- Rice is the main ( grade – element – substance - ingredient
) of tonight's dish.
8- We believe that ( volcanic
– organic – electronic – titanic ) fruit and vegetables are better for
you
than ones grown with chemical fertilizers.
9- Some people are worried that genetically- …………
crops will bring diseases.
( applied – classified – dried – modified )
10-Farmers use chemical ……………….. to kill insects
which attack their crops.
( hormones – antiseptics – antibiotics –
pesticides )
11- My brother wants to study ( gene
– genetic – genetics – geneticists ) at university .
12- ( Ripened
– Rotten – Raw – Medium ) fruit usually tastes sweet.
13- This tomato is ( ridden – risen – rotten – molten ) I can't eat it.
14- Scientists have made genetic …………………… to some
vegetables.
( qualifications – modifications – classifications
– clarifications )
15- Many people were very hungry after the storm.
Some even began to ………….
( swerve – serve – starve – observe ).
16- ( Unlike – Alike – Dislike –
Look like ) his brother, he's very arrogant.
17- He passed the test and ( so – either – neither – nor ) Did his brother.
18- I wish the weather ( were – was – is – had been ) better yesterday.
19- I'm ( incredibly – unbelievably – fantastically – awufully ) sorry for not
coming on time.
20- ( Once - One – Ones – Twice ) I've found somewhere to live I'll send
you my address.
21- Every night before going to bed, I ( hope-wish-give-offer) my mother good night.
22- My brother trained hard for the competition and
I ( hope – wish – offer –
intend ) he'll win.
23- I ( thought - wish – intend - hope )
the weather improves soon.
24- I ( insist – hope – wish – intend ) we could
meet next week.
25- I wish you ( can – will – may – would ) try
listening to me for once.
26- Early farmers saved the seeds of the ( good – rare – died – bad ) plants .
27- Manuscript , ( which
written – wrote – written – writing ) by hand are kept in museums .
28- Scientists can change plants or animals that are
alike by modifying their ……………..
( cells – molecules – genes – atoms )
29-The camera, ( use
– used – uses – using ) at the wedding party , is mine .
30- ( Agriculture – Acupuncture – Archaeology – Ethics ) is the work of
growing crops .
31- Genetically( modify – modifying – modified - mode ) is a type
of crop changed by scientists
32- To ( spray – prey – pray – pure ) is to make liquid come out in a stream
of small drops .
33- ( Insecticides – Pests – Parasites – Pepsi ) is a chemical which kill
insects on crops .
34- Containing something that can kill you if you
eat or drink it is ……………………..
( porous – enormous – delicious - poisonous )
35- ( Organic – Inorganic – Unnatural – Artificial )
fruit is safe to eat and del
36- I get my brown hair and
eyes from my parents .They are in my (genes – gym – gum – jar )
37- When I grow up , I will
study ( genetic – genetical – genetics – genetically )
38-The food in that
restaurant is of a very high ( quota – quality –
quarter – quit )It is very good.
Find the mistake in each of the following
sentences and write it correctly:
1- This land is infertile. It can produce a large
number of good crops.
2- Carbons provide our bodies with heat and energy.
3- Protein is an animal which helps us to grow and
be healthy.
4- A leaf is the part of a plant from which a new
plant of the same kind can grow.
5- Millions of people face salutation because they
don't have enough to eat.
6- I hope you good health
7- Farmers earn their money from industry which
means growing crops and keeping animals.
8- Look at the planes spreading the fields from the
air.
9- Some people believe that organic fruit is better
than ones grown with chemical filteration.
10- Some people are worried that genetic modified crops may bring
diseases.
11-Don’t eat food from a damaged tin because it is positioned.
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