Connectors الروابط

 Grammar                     Connectors

Connectors are words which join sentences or phrases to help us to understand the meaning of the sentences better.

1-    Time connectors

Whenعندما / beforeقبل / afterبعد / sinceمنذ / whileبينما /duringاثناء /as soon asبمجرد ان / untilحتى

- I was watching the match on TV when the phone rang.

-We passed by Tanta before we arrived in Cairo.

-After he had finished his homework, he played a computer game.

-I've been playing football since I was eight.

-While I was watching the match on TV, the phone rang.

-During watching the match, the phone rang.

-I telephoned him as soon as I had finished work.

-He couldn't speak until he was nine.

      2-To show similar and contrasting ideas.

And و / as long asطالما   / butلكن   / howeverومع ذلك although رغم ان /though / even though / as well as / besides بجانب / In addition to   بالاضافة الى/despite برغم/

 in spite of / Not only …but also / not only ..as well

-I wrote a letter and sent it to the company.

-As long as he plays well ,he can join the national team

-I don't like spinach all all, but my wife does.

-I don't have much time for hobbies. However, I enjoy photography.

-Although the test was so long, it didn't take her much time.

-Though I spent a lot of money. I didn't got what I want.

-He plays football even though he's over 50

-Please take out your books as well as notebooks to write

-Besides writing e-mails ,I phoned many of my friends in the feast

-Can you do Exercise C In addition to the Translation in Exercise G.

-Despite his illness, he passed the exam.

-In spite of his illness, he passed the exam.

-Not only I like the way he speaks, but also his character

-Not only have you got top marks for English, you've got high marks in French as well .

         3-To show purpose                       ل او لكى

in order that /  To / not to / the purpose of /the purpose behind/ For / so that/ in order to / in order not to / so as to / so as not to

-The purpose behind Martin’s visiting his aunt was to thank her .

-He went shopping to buy some food.

-He went to England in order to improve his English.

-The purpose of Thomas’s leaving early was to attend the meeting .

-We sleep early so that we can get up early      (present)

-He took the cow to the village market so that he could sell it.   ( past ) –

(The student is so clever that he can answer all the difficult questions)

                                 فى الجملة السابقة تختلف كليا فهى تعنى لدرجة ان.

-Why did you brake suddenly? So as not to hit that child

.

                 4-To show reasonلبيان السبب       

         Because لان / because of بسبب/due to / owing to /   as /since بما ان

 -She wasn't at the meeting because she was ill

-Because there was too much sugar in the tea, I couldn't drink it.   

-Because of bad weather they canceled the trip.

-Due to the bad weather they canceled the trip.

-They canceled the trip owing to the bad weather

-The doctor does not smoke as he is very clever.

 -Since you want to go. We shall go, too.

                5- To show result نتيجة ل          

    As a  result كنتيجة لذلك      /   So   /  therefore لذلك    /consequently       

-It is raining hard outside. As a result you cannot go out.

 -It was raining heavily, so we decided to stay at home.

-Our population is increasing; therefore we need to reclaim more Land.

-It rained heavily last night .Consequently, the streets are all wet.

                6-To show different possibilities لبيان تعدد الاحتمالات

   either …or  اما 00او / neither …. nor لا00 ولا /  only …if     /  unless  ..

-He is either an agent or a sales manager.

 -Neither Talaat nor Nasser was at the meeting.

 -I'll only buy you a present if you come first

 -I won't do it unless you help me.

                                                                                             from "Papers in Grammar"    by:Zakaria Elshafie