Grammar the IF third coditional
If + past perfect ماضى تام + would/could/might/should +have +p.p.
- If I had
(I'd) left home on time, I would (I'd) have caught the school bus.
I would (I'd) have caught the school
bus if I had (I'd) left home on time.
- If you hadn't
gone to Italy
You wouldn't have met Mario if you hadn't
gone to Italy
Ÿ تستخدم الحالة
الثالثة للتعبير عن تعبر مواقف مستحيلة الحدوث أو التغيير فى الماض أو مواقف كنا
نتخيلها فى الماضى كما تعبر عن الندم.
- If I'd
run faster, I'd have won the race.
= I didn't run faster so I didn't win.
- If you hadn’t gone to Italy
=
You went to Italy
Ÿ لاحظ صيغة الاستفهام مع
if
- What would you have
done if you had won a lot of money?
Ÿ يمكن أن
نستخدم had بدلا من
if و يليها فاعل ثم تصريف ثالث
- If he had played
well, he would have won. (Had)
Had he played
well, he would have won.
Ÿ فى حالة وجود جملتين فى
الماضى نستخدم الحالة الثالثة و نحول النفى إلى
إثبات و العكس
1- He got up late, so he missed the train. (If)
If
he hadn’t got up late, he wouldn’t have missed
the train.
2- He didn’t have a map, therefore he was lost. (If)
If he had
had a map, he wouldn’t have been lost.
3- He failed because he was lazy. (If)
If he hadn’t been
lazy, he wouldn’t have failed.
4- He failed, as he didn’t work hard. (If)
If he had worked
hard last year, he wouldn’t have failed the exam.
Ÿ نضع الجملة التى تسبق so
/ therefore / that’s why بعد if
كما فى المثالين 1,2
Ÿ نضع الجملة التى تلى because / as بعد
if كما فى المثالين 3,4
Ÿ يمكن أن نستخدم unless بدلا من if و
يأتى بعدها جملة مثبتة
-
He worked hard,
so he succeeded. (Unless)
Unless
he had worked hard, he wouldn’t have succeeded.
Ÿ لاحظ التعبيرات التالية.
|
Without + v.+ ing /
noun + would have + pp
But for
|
-
Without
his hard work, he wouldn’t have succeeded. (If it ………)
- If it
hadn’t been for his hard work, he wouldn’t
have succeeded.
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