Grammar Relative clauses
Relative pronouns
Who /
which / whom / that / where / when /
whose
تستخدم ضمائر الوصل لربط جملتين أو تحل محل الفاعل أو المفعول كالاتي :
1 – Who
ضمير وصل بمعنى الذي / التي يحل محل الفاعل/ المفعول العاقل ويتبعه فعل
Ali is the surgeon .
Ali cured the patient.
Ali is the surgeon who cured the patient.
I thanked my friend .
He gave me a present.
I thanked my friend who gave me a present.
We like our friend
Tamer. We live with him.
We liked our friend Tamer who we live with.
2
– Whom
تحل محل المفعول
العاقل ويتبعه فاعل وفعل وممكن ان ياتي قبله حرف جر
This is the girl. He
saved the girl.
This is the girl whom he saved.
The man was honest . I
lived with him.
The man whom I lived with was honest.
The man with whom I lived was honest.
3
– Which
تحل محل
الفاعل أو المفعول الغير عاقل :
Eman bought a mobile.
The mobile was expensive.
Eman bought a mobile
which was expensive.
This is the article.
Ali wrote it.
This is the article which Ali wrote.
ملا حظة هامة يمكن استخدام (that
) بدلا من who/ which / whom
Ali is the surgeon that
cured the patient.
This is the girl that
he saved.
The man that I lived
with was honest.
ولكن يوجد بعض الحالات التي يجب ان نستخدم فيها (that)
1 – اذا جاء في الجمله اي
من -----------------
all / any / one / some /everything / only / many /
much / few / any
- I gave him all news
that I had.
-Ahmad is the only
pupil that got the full mark.
2 – مع الدرجة الثالثة من المقارنة -------------
-Samy is the tallest man that I have ever
seen.
3 – اذا بدأت الجملة ب ( it
is /
it was )
-It was Graham Bell that invented the
telephone.
4 – اذا جاء في الجملة عاقل وغير عاقل -------
-Ali wrote about the men and the books that he
liked.
4 – Whose
تحل محل الملكية للعاقل وغير العاقل ويتبعها اسم والملكية ممكن ان تكون
Noun + ‘s + noun
My – his – her – its – our – your – their
-I know a boy . His
father is an engineer.
-I know a boy whose father is an engineer.
-Ayman is a man .
Ayman’s father is a doctor.
-Ayman is a man whose father is a doctor.
5 – Where
تحل محل المكان ومعناها حيث
-This is the house . We live in
the house.
-This is the house where we live.
-A school is the place.
We learn there.
-A school is the place where we learn
ملا حظة هامة :
where = in
which / at which
This is the house where
we live.
This is the house in
which we live.
This is the house which
we live in.
6 – When
تحل محل الوقت أو الزمن
-Ramadan is the month . We fast
in Ramadan .
Ramadan is the month when we fast.
-Friday is the day . we
don’t go to school on Friday.
Friday is the day when we don’t go to school.
ملا حظة هامة :
when = in / on / at which
July is the month when he was born.
July is the month in which he
was born.
July is the month which he was
born in.
Relative pronouns Omission حذف ضمائر الوصل
1 – يتم حذف كل من who – which – whom اذا جاء بعدهم فاعل
This is the man who I
met.
This is the man I met.
2 – يمكن حذف كل من who - which في الحالات التالية :
– اذا جاء بعدهم زمن مستمر وهنا نحذف الضمير و (verb to be ) ويتبقي (v
+ ing )
The man who is
standing there is my friend.
The
man standing there is my friend. – اذا
جاء بعدهم صيغة مبنى للمجهول وهنا نحذف أيضا الضمير و
(
verb to be ) ويبقي التصريف الثالث للفعل .
The thief who was
arrested yesterday, robbed the bank.
The thief arrested yesterday ,robbed the
bank.
– اذا جاء بعدهم ( verb to be ) كفعل أساسي وهنا يتم حذف الضمير و ( verb to be )
The boys who are
there, can help us.
The boys there can help us.
معلومة :
يوجد نوعان من شبة الجمل
الموصولة او ما يسمى ( relative clauses)
1- النوع الأول يعطينا معلومة هامة او ضرورية عن
الشخص / الشيء
أي تحددة
The woman who helped me
is a nurse.
The supermarket which
Miss Dina works for sells fresh vegetables.
وفي هذا النوع لا نستخدم
( , )
2 – النوع الثاني وهو لا
يعطينا معلومات هامة او ضروري بل معلومة شائعة
Paris , which is very
big, is the capital of France.
Our teacher, who lives
in Cairo, is very patient.
ونلاحظ هنا أنه تم وضع ال (
, ) ولا نستخدم
( that )
معلومة هامة
What really ------------------ is / was that-------------------
The thing
that--------------- is / was that----------------------
He comes late. This
annoys his teacher.
What really annoys his
teacher is that he comes late.
The thing that annoys
his teacher is that he comes late.
Exercise
3 – Choose the correct answer from a , b , c , or d :
1 – The
man----------------I met yesterday lent me some money.
a – who b – which c – whose d – where
2 – Here is the book
-----------is worth L.E 100.
a – who b – whose c – which d – whom
3 – This is the best
-----------I can do for you.
a – which b – that c – when d – who
4 – Cairo is the city
---------I live in .
a – where b – which c – when d – who
5 – That is the man
-----------car was stolen.
a – who b – whose c – which d – that
6 – This is the
book------------by Naguib Mahfouz.
a – written b – which written c – which was d – was written
7 – This is the
waiter---------------------
a – who I tipped
him b – that I
tipped
c – which I tipped d- whose I tipped.
8 – This is the villa
------------gate it too high.
a – where b – which c – whose d – that
9 – He is the only
candidate --------- deserves the job.
a – that b – which c – who d – whom
10 – Monday is the day
--------------we have history.
a – where b – when c – which d – whose
11 – The
man----------the president is my brother.
a – who guarding b – is guarding c – guarding d – which is guarding
12 – The dog ran after
the boys---------threw stones at it.
a – whom b – who c – which d – when
13 – This is the
fastest car ------------I have ever driven.
a – which b – who c – what d – no pronoun
14 - ----------- really frightened me was the
mouse I saw under my bed.
a - which b – who c – what d – That
15 – This is the writer
----------book was made into a film.
a – who b – which c – whose d – where
16 – This is the flat
------------I live.
a – where b – which c – when d – who
17 – this is the flat
------------ I built.
a – where b – which c – when d – whose
18 – The company
---------I work for is sending me to Japan on business.
a – which b – who c – what d – whose
19 – This is Mr. Hamdi
---------daughter won a prize.
a – who b – which c – whose d – what
20 – I would like to
see the camera ------------you bought yesterday.
a – what b – who c – whose d – which
please comment if answers wanted الاجابة سنضعها اذا طلب احد من القراء ذلك بتعقيب
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