William Golden

Lord of the Flies   by William Golding

         In the midst of a wartime evacuation, a British plane crashes onto an isolated island in a remote region of the Pacific Ocean. The only survivors are male children below the age of thirteen. Two boys, the fair-haired Ralph and an overweight, bespectacled يرتدى نظارة طبية boy reluctantly nicknamed "Piggy" find a conchمحار, which Ralph uses as a hornبوق to bring all the survivors to one area. Ralph emerges يبرز as one of the survivors' leaders during the meeting, as does Jack Merridew, a member of a boys' choir  جوقة  فريق الغناءthat survived the crash. The survivors elect Ralph as their "chief", losing only the votes of Jack's fellow choirboys, who support their leader. Ralph asserts two primary goals: to have fun and to maintain a smoke signal that could alert passing ships to their presence on the island. The boys decide that a conch shell they found embodies the society they shall create on the island, and declare that whoever holds the conch shall also receive the respect of the larger group.

Jack organises his choir group into a hunting party responsible for discovering a food source; Ralph, Jack, and a boy named Simon soon form a troikaاللجنة  of leaders. Piggy, although Ralph's only confidante, is quickly made an outcastمنبوذ by his fellow "biguns" (older boys) and becomes an unwilling source of laughs for the other children. Simon, in addition to supervising the project of constructing shelters, feels an instinctive needدافع فطرى  to protect the younger boys.

The semblance of order imposed التعليمات التى فرضها  by Ralph and Simon quickly deteriorates تتدهور as the majority of the boys turns idleخمول and begin to develop paranoia جنون العظمة  about the island, referring to a supposed monster, the "beast", which dwells يتجول nearby. Jack, who has started a power struggle with Ralph, gains control of the discussion by boldly بجراة  promising to kill the beast. At one point, Jack summonsيستدعى  all of his hunters to hunt down a wild pig, drawing away those assigned to maintain the signal fire مهملا واجب الحفاظ على . After the fire burns out, a ship passes by the island, but does not stop as it has seen nothing amiss لم تر مايسترعى الانتباة (خطأ). Angered by this, Ralph considers relinquishing التخلى عن his position, but is convinced  اقنع الايفعل not to do so by Piggy.

While Jack schemes  مخططات against Ralph, twins Sam and Eric, now assigned to the maintenance of the signal fire, see the corpseجثة of a fighter pilot in the dark. Mistaking the corpse for the beast, they run to the clusterتجمع  of shelters that Ralph and Simon have erected and warn the others. This unexpected meeting sees tensions between Jack and Ralph flareمشتعلا  again. Shortly thereafter, Jack decides to lead a party to the other side of the island, where a heap of stones forms a place where he claims the beast residesيتواجد. Only Ralph and Jack's supporter Roger agree to go; Ralph turns back shortly before the other two boys. When they arrive at the shelters, Jack calls an assembly اجتماع  and tries to turn the others against Ralph, asking for them to remove him from his position. Receiving little support, Jack, Roger, and another boy leave the shelters to form their own tribe. The tribe, which receives recruits المجندين from the main group of boys, grows in strength and begins to adopt customs common to primitive cultures ثقافة بدائية, including face paintوشم الوجه او الرسم على الوجه and bizarre rituals طقوس غريبة  including sacrificesاضحيات to the beast. When the tribe grows to a size that rivals Ralph's, they begin to harassمضايقة those who remain at the shelters and make pronouncements encouraging them to abandonيهجر Ralph and the societal orderالمسار المدنى he has imposedالتى فرضها او التزمها .

Simon, unable to bear the stress of his position, goes off to think. Alone, he finds a severed مقطوعة pig head, left by Jack as an offering to the beast. Simon envisions the pig head, now swarmingيتجمعون  with scavenging flies, as the "Lord of the Flies" and believes that it is talking to him. Simon hears the pig identifying itself as the real "Beast" and disclosingكاشفا  the truth about itself – that the boys themselves "created" the beast, and that the real beast was inside them all. Simon also locatesحدد موقع  the dead parachutist  المظلى (الهابط بالمظلة )who had been mistaken for the beast, and is the sole member of the group to recognize that the "monster" is a cadaver جيفة (جثة متحللة) . Simon, hoping to tell others of the discovery, finds Jack's tribe in the island's interior during a ritual dance and, mistaken for the beast, is killed by the frenziedالمحموم او المتشدد boys. Ralph, Piggy, Sam, and Eric feel guilty about what they did not stop.

Jack and his band of "savages" decide that they should possess Piggy's glasses, the only means of starting a fire on the island. Raiding Ralph's camp, the savages الهمج confiscate يصادرthe glasses and return to their abode near the great rock heap, called Castle Rock. Ralph, desertedيهجر من   by most of his supporters, journeys to Castle Rock to confrontيواجه Jack and secure the glasses. Taking the conch and accompanied only by Piggy, Sam, and Eric, Ralph finds the tribe and demands that they return the valuable object. Turning against Ralph, the tribe takes Sam and Eric captive اسير while Roger drops a boulder from his vantage point above, killing Piggy and shattering the conch. Ralph manages to escape, but Sam and Eric are tortured until they agree to join Jack's tribe.

The following morning, Jack orders his tribe to begin a manhunt مطاردة for Ralph. Fleeing الفارين through the forest, Ralph watches as the "savages" set fire to the forest, drawing the attention of a passing naval vessel. A landing party from the vessel المدمرة encounters يلتقون به Ralph as he desperately tries to escape the onrushing "savages", and the British officer leading the party, at first mistaking the violence for a game, expected better from British boys.